Your pet’s breed is more than just a descriptor of their appearance—it holds valuable insight into their overall health. Each breed carries unique genetic traits, and along with them, specific health risks. By understanding your pet’s inherited predispositions, you can take proactive steps to prevent, manage, or delay the onset of common diseases.

At Memorial Villages Animal Hospital, we believe that knowledge is power—especially when it comes to your pet’s lifelong well-being.

Why Breed-Specific Health Knowledge Matters

Genetic tendencies can influence everything from joint and heart health to dental, respiratory, and neurological conditions. While not every disease has a specific gene test available, knowing your pet’s breed-related risks helps you:

  • Schedule more targeted screenings
  • Monitor for early symptoms
  • Make better-informed decisions about diet, exercise, and treatment

Even if your pet is a mixed breed, modern DNA testing can provide insight into their genetic background and help uncover hidden risks.

Learn more about breed-specific health risks here.

Breed-Specific Risks in Dogs

Heart Disease

Some breeds are genetically predisposed to life-threatening heart conditions:

  • Cavalier King Charles Spaniels – Mitral valve disease
  • Dobermans & Boxers – Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
  • Miniature Schnauzers – Pulmonary hypertension and murmurs

What to do: Begin routine cardiac screenings early and monitor for coughing, lethargy, or fainting spells.

Ear Infections

Breeds with floppy or hairy ears tend to experience chronic infections due to trapped moisture and poor air circulation:

  • Cocker Spaniels
  • Basset Hounds
  • Labrador Retrievers

Tip: Weekly ear cleaning and routine exams can prevent recurring infections.

Dental Abnormalities

Small breeds are prone to retained baby teeth and overcrowding, which can lead to dental disease:

  • Chihuahuas
  • Pomeranians
  • Yorkies
  • Maltese

Read more about toy breed dental issues.

Neurological Conditions

Certain breeds are more likely to develop degenerative or spinal diseases:

  • German Shepherds – Degenerative myelopathy
  • Dachshunds & Corgis – Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD)

Recommendation: Monitor for signs of hind limb weakness or coordination issues. Early imaging can aid diagnosis.

Joint and Skeletal Disorders

  • Large Breeds (Labradors, Golden Retrievers, Rottweilers) – Hip and elbow dysplasia
  • Small Breeds (Pomeranians, Poodles) – Patellar luxation
  • Giant Breeds (Great Danes, Mastiffs) – Wobbler syndrome, growth plate issues

Maintain a healthy weight and consider joint supplements as part of your preventive care plan.

Eye Disorders

  • Poodles – Prone to cataracts at a younger age
  • Collies, Australian Shepherds – Risk of Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) and Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA)

Explore hereditary eye diseases here.

Breed-Specific Risks in Cats

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

  • Persians, Himalayans, Exotic Shorthairs
    PKD causes cysts to form in the kidneys and may lead to early kidney failure. It’s a heritable condition that can be detected with ultrasound.

In-Grown Toenails in Polydactyl Cats

Cats with extra toes may develop in-grown nails, especially if not trimmed properly. Left untreated, this can lead to limping, swelling, or infection.

Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome

  • Persians, Exotic Shorthairs
    Flat-faced breeds may experience difficulty breathing due to narrowed airways and elongated soft palates. These pets require careful monitoring in hot or stressful conditions.

How to Be Proactive About Breed-Specific Health

Genetic Testing

While not all conditions have a specific test, many common diseases (like PRA or PKD) do. Your vet can help you decide which tests are relevant based on your pet’s breed.

Preventive Veterinary Care

  • Annual wellness exams (biannual for senior pets)
  • Baseline bloodwork and imaging for early detection
  • Eye and heart screenings based on breed risk
  • Parasite prevention and routine dental cleanings

Schedule a veterinary check-up today.

At-Home Monitoring

Knowing your pet’s risks allows you to watch for subtle changes. Track:

  • Mobility and coordination
  • Appetite and water intake
  • Vision or hearing changes
  • Grooming and oral hygiene
  • Energy level and behavior shifts

Use this home exam guide to spot illness early.

A corgi dog stands indoors, sniffing a bowl of dry kibble next to a bowl of vegetables that includes broccoli and carrots.

Genetics Are a Starting Point, Not a Limitation

Understanding your pet’s breed-specific risks isn’t about assuming the worst—it’s about being ready. Many health conditions can be managed or even prevented with the right care. Genetics provide a roadmap; your actions as a pet owner help steer the journey.

Partner with your veterinarian to create a care plan that supports your pet’s unique needs.

Book your pet’s wellness exam at Memorial Villages Animal Hospital.